!function(e,t){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?t(exports):"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(["exports"],t):t((e="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:e||self).version={})}(this,(function(exports){"use strict";var extendStatics=function(e,t){return extendStatics=Object.setPrototypeOf||{__proto__:[]}instanceof Array&&function(e,t){e.__proto__=t}||function(e,t){for(var n in t)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)&&(e[n]=t[n])},extendStatics(e,t)};function __extends(e,t){if("function"!=typeof t&&null!==t)throw new TypeError("Class extends value "+String(t)+" is not a constructor or null");function n(){this.constructor=e}extendStatics(e,t),e.prototype=null===t?Object.create(t):(n.prototype=t.prototype,new n)}var __assign=function(){return __assign=Object.assign||function(e){for(var t,n=1,i=arguments.length;n0&&o[o.length-1])||6!==s[0]&&2!==s[0])){a=0;continue}if(3===s[0]&&(!o||s[1]>o[0]&&s[1]0?(t(i-=1),setTimeout(o,1e3)):n()};o()}))},decode=function(){return JSON.parse(atob(window.park||""))},PAGE_STYLES="@import url(https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Quicksand);\n\n* {\n font-smoothing: antialiased;\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;\n}\n\nhtml, body {\n width: 100%;\n margin: 0;\n}\n\nhtml {\n background: linear-gradient(180deg, #edf7fe 0%, white 95%, white 100%);\n height: 100%;\n}\n\nbody {\n min-height: 90%;\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n letter-spacing: 1.2px;\n color: rgb(10, 31, 64);\n text-align: center;\n}\n\n/* App Target - This starts hidden until we apply a class to \"activate\" it */\n\n#target {\n opacity: 0;\n visibility: hidden;\n}\n\n/* Status Messages - These are displayed when we are not rendering ad blocks or Related Search */\n\n#pk-status-message {\n height: 100vh;\n width: 100%;\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n}\n\n/* Sales Box - Default State */\n\n#sales-box {\n display: block;\n width: 100%;\n font-family: 'Quicksand', serif;\n text-align: center;\n text-decoration: none;\n font-weight: 400;\n}\n\n#sales-box a {\n display: block;\n width: 100%;\n font-family: inherit;\n font-weight: inherit;\n text-decoration: inherit;\n color: #8EABC0;\n cursor: pointer;\n}\n\n/* Sales Box - Highlighted State */\n\n#sales-box.is-highlighted {\n position: relative;\n z-index: 1;\n background: #032438 linear-gradient(to top, #044368 0%, #000 100%);\n box-shadow: 0 0 15px 0 #000;\n border-bottom: 3px solid #262626;\n}\n\n#sales-box.is-highlighted a {\n line-height: 1.3;\n display: inline-block;\n font-size: 18px;\n color: #fff;\n text-shadow: 1px 1px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\n background: none;\n}\n\n/* Ellipsis Loader */\n\n.pk-loader {\n display: inline-block;\n position: relative;\n width: 80px;\n height: 80px;\n}\n\n.pk-loader div {\n position: absolute;\n top: 33px;\n width: 13px;\n height: 13px;\n border-radius: 50%;\n background: #4BA8D5;\n animation-timing-function: cubic-bezier(0, 1, 1, 0);\n}\n\n.pk-loader div:nth-child(1) {\n left: 8px;\n animation: pk-anim-1 0.6s infinite;\n}\n\n.pk-loader div:nth-child(2) {\n left: 8px;\n animation: pk-anim-2 0.6s infinite;\n}\n\n.pk-loader div:nth-child(3) {\n left: 32px;\n animation: pk-anim-2 0.6s infinite;\n}\n\n.pk-loader div:nth-child(4) {\n left: 56px;\n animation: pk-anim-1 0.6s infinite;\n animation-direction: reverse;\n}\n\n.pk-loader-text {\n position: fixed;\n font-size: 12px;\n right: 20px;\n bottom: 20px;\n font-weight: lighter;\n}\n\n/* Utilities */\n\n.pk-message-title {\n font-size: 2em;\n font-weight: bold;\n}\n\n.pk-page-ready {\n opacity: 1 !important;\n visibility: visible !important;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 600px) {\n .hidden-xs {\n opacity: 0;\n visibility: hidden;\n }\n}\n\n/* Animation */\n\n@keyframes pk-anim-1 {\n 0% {\n transform: scale(0);\n }\n 100% {\n transform: scale(1);\n }\n}\n\n@keyframes pk-anim-2 {\n 0% {\n transform: translate(0, 0);\n }\n 100% {\n transform: translate(24px, 0);\n }\n}\n",APP_TARGET="#target",MESSAGE_SELECTOR="#pk-status-message",PAGE_READY_CLASS="pk-page-ready",MESSAGE_TEMPLATE='',Renderer=function(){function Renderer(e){var t=this;this._domIsReady=!1,this.revealPage=function(){t.domNode&&t.domNode.classList.add(PAGE_READY_CLASS)},this.injectMetaDescription=function(e){if(e&&0!==e.length){window.document.title=e;var t=document.createElement("meta");t.setAttribute("name","description"),t.setAttribute("content","See relevant content for ".concat(e)),document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}},this.domNode=document.querySelector(e)}return Object.defineProperty(Renderer.prototype,"domIsReady",{get:function(){return this._domIsReady},set:function(e){this._domIsReady=e,e&&this.injectStyles(PAGE_STYLES)},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Renderer.prototype.message=function(e,t){if(void 0===t&&(t=""),this.injectHTML(MESSAGE_TEMPLATE),this.domNode){var n=this.domNode.querySelector(MESSAGE_SELECTOR);n&&(n.innerHTML=e)}t&&this.injectMetaDescription(t)},Renderer.prototype.salesBanner=function(e){if(e){var t=e.href,n=e.position,i=e.message,o=e.theme,r=document.createElement("div"),a=n||"",s="HIGHLIGHT"===o?"is-highlighted":"";r.innerHTML=t?'\n \n "):'\n ').concat(i,"
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\n "))},Renderer.prototype.adBlockMessage=function(){this.message("\n Ad block detected
\n Please disable your ad blocker and reload the page.\n ")},Renderer.prototype.errorParkingUnavailable=function(){this.message("\n An Error Occurred
\n Parking is currently unavailable. We'll be right back.
\n ")},Renderer.prototype.errorParkingServicesDisabled=function(){this.message("\n An Error Occurred
\n Services for this domain name have been disabled.
\n ")},Renderer.prototype.errorParkingNoSponsors=function(e){this.message('\n \n No sponsors\n
\n \n '.concat(window.location.hostname," currently does not have any sponsors for you.\n \n "),e)},Renderer.prototype.imprint=function(e){if(e){var t=document.querySelector("#imprint-text");t&&(t.innerHTML=e.replace(/(?:\r\n|\r|\n)/g,"
"))}},Renderer.prototype.injectStyles=function(e){if(e){var t=document.createElement("style");t.innerHTML=e.toString(),document.head.appendChild(t)}},Renderer.prototype.injectScript=function(e){if(e){var t=document.createElement("script");t.type="text/javascript",t.src=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}},Renderer.prototype.injectJS=function(js){js&&0!==js.length&&eval(js)},Renderer.prototype.injectHTML=function(e){this.domNode?(e&&(this.domNode.innerHTML=e),this.domIsReady=!0):(this.domIsReady=!1,console.error("An error occurred when trying to render this page. DOM node not found."))},Renderer.prototype.prerender=function(e){this.injectMetaDescription(e.domain),this.injectHTML(e.html)},Renderer.prototype.template=function(e){var t,n=this;this.domIsReady||this.prerender(e),this.injectStyles(e.stylesheet),this.imprint(e.imprint),this.salesBanner(e.salesBanner),this.injectJS(e.javascript),null===(t=e.scripts)||void 0===t||t.forEach((function(e){n.injectScript(e)}))},Renderer}(),Render=new Renderer(APP_TARGET),Type;!function(e){e[e.Failed=0]="Failed",e[e.Disabled=1]="Disabled",e[e.Redirect=2]="Redirect",e[e.Parking=3]="Parking",e[e.Sales=4]="Sales"}(Type||(Type={}));var State$2=function(){function e(){}return Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"trackingType",{get:function(){return this._trackingType},set:function(e){this._trackingType=e},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(e.prototype,"track",{get:function(){return!!this.trackingType},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),e}(),Disabled=function(e){function t(){var t=null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this;return t.type=Type.Disabled,t}return __extends(t,e),t.build=function(e,n){var i;switch(n===Blocking.BLOCKED&&(i="adblocker"),e.cannotPark){case"disabled_mr":case"disabled_rc":i=e.cannotPark}if(i){var o=new t;return o.reason=i,o.domain=e.domainName,o}},Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"message",{get:function(){switch(this.reason){case"adblocker":return"Ad block detected
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\n ".concat(this.domain," currently does not have any sponsors for you.
");case"disabled_mr":return"\n Invalid URL
\n Referral traffic for ".concat(this.domain," does not meet requirements.
");case"js_error":return"\n An Error Occurred
\n Parking is currently unavailable. We'll be right back.
\n ";default:return"\n An Error Occurred
\n Services for this domain name have been disabled.
\n "}},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"trackingType",{get:function(){switch(this.reason){case"disabled_rc":return"revenue_cap_reached";case"disabled_mr":return"invalid_referral";case"adblock":return"ad_blocked_message";case"no_sponsors":return"no_sponsors_message"}},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"domain",{get:function(){return window.location.hostname},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.toContext=function(){return{cannotPark:this.reason}},t}(State$2);function unpackPHPArrayObject(e,t){var n=e[t];if(n&&!Array.isArray(n))return n}var Parking=function(e){function t(){var t=null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this;return t.type=Type.Parking,t}return __extends(t,e),t.build=function(e,n){var i=new t;i.domain=e.domainName,i.html=e.template,i.scripts=e.scripts||[],i.javascript=e.inlineJs,i.stylesheet=e.styles,i.imprint=e.imprintText;var o=unpackPHPArrayObject(e,"salesSettings"),r=(null==o?void 0:o.status)&&"NOT_FOR_SALE"!==(null==o?void 0:o.status);if(r){o.status;var a=o.location,s=o.message,c=o.link,d=o.type;i.salesBanner={message:s,href:c,position:a,theme:d}}return n.wantsToServeAds?i.trackingType="ctr":r&&window.location.pathname.startsWith("/listing")?i.trackingType="sales":i.trackingType="visit",i},t.prototype.toContext=function(){return{}},t}(State$2),Sales=function(e){function t(){var t=null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this;return t.type=Type.Sales,t}return __extends(t,e),t.build=function(e){var n=unpackPHPArrayObject(e,"salesSettings");if(n&&"NOT_FOR_SALE"!==n.status)return window.location.pathname.endsWith("/listing")?new t:void 0},t.prototype.toContext=function(){return{}},Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"trackingType",{get:function(){return"sales"},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.init=function(e){window.context=e;var t=document.createElement("script");t.type="text/javascript",t.src=SALES_JS_URL,document.head.append(t)},t}(State$2),Redirect=function(e){function t(){var t=null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this;return t.type=Type.Redirect,t}return __extends(t,e),t.build=function(e,n,i){var o=unpackPHPArrayObject(e,"salesSettings"),r=e.zeroClickDelay,a=e.skenzoRedirect,s=e.skenzoUrl,c=e.showInquiryForm,d=e.canZeroClick;e.cannotPark;var l="",u=0,p="";if(i.cannotLoadAds?i.wantsToServeAds?(l=window.location.origin,p="no_ads_redirect"):(null==o?void 0:o.status)&&"NOT_FOR_SALE"!==(null==o?void 0:o.status)?l="".concat(window.location.origin,"/listing"):!1!==d&&((null==n?void 0:n.redirect)?(l=n.redirect,u=r||0,p="zc_redirect"):a&&s&&(l=s,p="skenzo_redirect")):!1!==d&&(null==n?void 0:n.reason)?(null==n?void 0:n.redirect)?(l=n.redirect,u=r||0,p="zc_redirect"):a&&s&&(l=s,p="skenzo_redirect"):window.location.pathname.endsWith("/listing")?"EXTERNAL_MARKET"===(null==o?void 0:o.status)&&(null==o?void 0:o.external)?(l=o.external,p="sales"):"URL"===(null==o?void 0:o.status)&&(null==o?void 0:o.link)&&(l=o.link,p="sales"):c&&(l="".concat(window.location.origin,"/listing")),l){var h=new t;return h.url=l,h.delay=u,h.trackingType=p,h}},t.prototype.toContext=function(){return{}},t}(State$2),browserState=function(){var e,t,n,i,o,r,a=window.screen,s=a.width,c=a.height,d=window.self,l=window.top,u=window.matchMedia,p=window.opener,h=document.documentElement,f=h.clientWidth,g=h.clientHeight;try{r=(new Date).getTimezoneOffset()/60*-1}catch(e){r=null}return{popup:!(!p||p===window),timezone_offset:r,user_preference:null===(e=null===Intl||void 0===Intl?void 0:Intl.DateTimeFormat())||void 0===e?void 0:e.resolvedOptions(),user_using_darkmode:Boolean(u&&u("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches),user_supports_darkmode:Boolean(u),window_resolution:{width:null!=f?f:0,height:null!=g?g:0},screen_resolution:{width:null!=s?s:0,height:null!=c?c:0},frame:l===d?null:{innerWidth:null!==(t=null==d?void 0:d.innerWidth)&&void 0!==t?t:0,innerHeight:null!==(n=null==d?void 0:d.innerHeight)&&void 0!==n?n:0,outerWidth:null!==(i=null==d?void 0:d.outerWidth)&&void 0!==i?i:0,outerHeight:null!==(o=null==d?void 0:d.outerHeight)&&void 0!==o?o:0}}},TRACKING_URL="_tr",trackVisit=function(e,t){var n,i=e.callbacks,o=e.context,r=__assign({ad_loaded_callback:null==i?void 0:i.adLoadedCallback,app_version:version,caf_timed_out:null==i?void 0:i.cafTimedOut,channel:null===(n=null==o?void 0:o.pageOptions)||void 0===n?void 0:n.channel,fd_server_datetime:o.fd_server_datetime,fd_server:o.fd_server,flex_rule:o.flex_rule,host:o.host,ip:o.ip,js_error:o.js_error,no_ads_redirect:o.noAdsRedirect,page_headers:o.page_headers,page_loaded_callback:null==i?void 0:i.pageLoadedCallback,page_method:o.page_method,page_request:o.page_request,page_time:o.page_time,page_url:o.page_url,reportable_channel:o.reportableChannel,template_id:o.templateId,type:t,user_has_ad_blocker:o.user_has_ad_blocker,uuid:o.uuid,zeroclick:o.zeroClick},browserState());fetch("/".concat(TRACKING_URL),{method:"POST",headers:{Accept:"application/json","Content-Type":"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({signature:encode(r)})})},State$1;!function(){if(!window.CustomEvent){function e(e,t){t=t||{bubbles:!1,cancelable:!1,detail:void 0};const n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent");return n.initCustomEvent(e,t.bubbles,t.cancelable,t.detail),n}e.prototype=window.Event.prototype,window.CustomEvent=e}}(),function(e){e[e.Pending=0]="Pending",e[e.Loaded=1]="Loaded",e[e.Failed=2]="Failed"}(State$1||(State$1={}));var Provider=function(){function e(e){var t=this;this.timeoutSeconds=5,this.handlePixelEvent=function(e){switch(t.state){case State$1.Failed:break;case State$1.Pending:setTimeout((function(){return t.handlePixelEvent(e)}),100);break;case State$1.Loaded:t.onPixelEvent(e)}},this.watch=function(){switch(t.state){case State$1.Loaded:case State$1.Failed:break;case State$1.Pending:t.isLoaded()?t.state=State$1.Loaded:t.isTimedOut()?t.state=State$1.Failed:setTimeout(t.watch,50)}},e&&e.length>0?(this.identifier=e,this.state=State$1.Pending,this.timeoutAt=new Date,this.timeoutAt.setSeconds(this.timeoutAt.getSeconds()+this.timeoutAfter()),this.injectPixel()):this.state=State$1.Failed}return e.prototype.injectPixel=function(){this.injectedAt||(this.injectedAt=new Date,this.inject(),this.watch())},e.prototype.inject=function(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.text=this.script,document.head.appendChild(e)},e.prototype.isTimedOut=function(){return+new Date>=+this.timeoutAt},e.prototype.timeoutAfter=function(){return this.timeoutSeconds},e}(),Facebook=function(e){function t(){return null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return 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__extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return""},enumerable:!1,configurable:!0}),t.prototype.inject=function(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.src="https://assets.revcontent.com/master/rev.js",document.head.appendChild(e)},t.prototype.onPixelEvent=function(e){window.rev("event",e)},t.prototype.isLoaded=function(){return!!window.rev},t}(Provider),Taboola=function(e){function t(){return null!==e&&e.apply(this,arguments)||this}return __extends(t,e),Object.defineProperty(t.prototype,"script",{get:function(){return"window._tfa = window._tfa || [];!function (t, f, a, x) {if (!document.getElementById(x)) {t.async = 1;t.src = a;t.id=x;f.parentNode.insertBefore(t, 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18 – la merce nella città
Una caratteristica fondamentale delle esposizioni è la costruzione di edifici ad hoc per l’evento, come la Torre Eiffel a Parigi, il Crystal Palace a Londra o la Biosfera costruita a Montreal per l’Expo 1967.
Cosi Francia e Inghilterra si avvicenderanno nel corso degli anni nell’organizzazione delle esposizioni universali, che successivamente assunsero un valore ideale; infatti le esposizioni saranno poi organizzate in occasione di ricorrenze come nel 1876 a Filadelfia per il centenario dell’indipendenza e nel 1893 a Chicago per festeggiare i 400 anni della scoperta dell’America e in Austria per i 25 anni di regno di Francesco Giuseppe. Nel 1900 la Francia organizzò un’esposizione per trarre un “bilancio” complessivo del secolo, infatti in ottica puramente positivista l’entrata nel
xx secolo segnava la scienza e la tecnologia e conseguentemente anche l’uomo in maniera determinante. Fu deciso inoltre che le esposizioni universali dovevano avere un certo intervallo di tempo le une dalle altre perché altrimenti non c’era una massa critica sufficiente tale da giustificare una nuova esposizione e il conseguente investimento economico.
Le esposizioni furono l’occasione per progettare delle città “ideali” (ridefinizione delle aree cittadine anche in maniera forte) e le infrastrutture cittadine risentirono di tutta questa vitalità in modo positivo (in occasione dell’esposizione parigina del 1900 fu inaugurata la prima linea metropolitana) e si ebbero anche realizzazioni curiose per l’epoca: le scale mobili (Parigi 1900), ascensori idraulici (Parigi 1867) o il “trottoir roulant” (cioè un marciapiede semovente).
Il grande entusiasmo, però, si placò completamente con lo scoppio della Prima guerra mondiale.
A fronte di un’ideale di universalità le esposizioni furono caratterizzate da un’attenzione particolare al paese ospitante e alla sua industria; tant’è che i padiglioni spesso subivano una doppia suddivisione: sia per classi d’interesse ma anche per nazionalità; il primo e forse più famoso esempio di ciò è il palazzo dell’esposizione parigina del 1867 (progettato da J. B. Krantz).
Il presupposto delle esposizioni universali è quella di mostrare al mondo tutto ciò che in quel momento offre la migliore tecnologia; proprio per questo già a partire dall’esposizione parigina del 1855 fu ideata una struttura ibrida (ferro e vetro per la copertura e mattoni per la struttura) dove adibire l’esposizione; fino a arrivare all’utilizzo di gesso, pannelli policromi,colate di staff. Così i palazzi che dovevano essere l’emblema delle esposizioni e che incorporavano anche in maniere discutibile tutte le istanze tecniche, scientifiche e architettoniche divennero un pot-pourri.
Ebbe così il sopravvento l’eclettismo, cioè i padiglioni adibiti alle esposizioni non seguivano un unico stile anzi erano una sintesi di culture diverse, ottenendo uno stile composito; l’intento era quello di impressionare, attrarre e stupire il visitatore. Le esposizioni, quindi, erano un elemento di rottura molto forte rispetto al
xviii e
xix secolo, perché in precedenza non vi era mai stato un distacco così netto dalla concezione precedente. Successivamente per motivi logistici le esposizione furono dislocate in diversi siti.
La struttura ideale delle esposizione fu gradatamente ampliata a causa della crescita delle tecnologie e la loro differenziazione (dai 4 gruppi dell’esposizione del 1851, agli 8 gruppi suddivisi a loro volta in 30 classi del 1855 si giunse nel 1867 a 10 gruppi e 95 classi suddivisi secondo i bisogni fisici e intellettuali) ed in alcuni casi l’organizzazione seguiva la dislocazione dei siti, invece di imporsi ad essa (come a Filadelfia nel 1876).
Nonostante queste esposizioni fossero gravose dal punto di vista umano ed economico divennero il luogo principale dove presentare per la prima volta al grande pubblico le invenzioni per un duplice motivo: la grande visibilità che ormai le esposizioni avevano nell’ambito socio-culturale dell’epoca e anche perché vi erano dei premi in denaro che andavano alle invenzioni vincitrici dei propri settori.
Nel corso delle varie esposizioni furono presentate per esempio il telefono, il fonografo, la lampadina elettrica, l’ascensore idraulico, il motore a gas, la dinamo, l’alternatore, il trasformatore. Le esposizione erano inoltre il momento ideale per tenere dei congressi perché la presenza di innovazioni e di tecnici favoriva l’organizzazioni di incontri, che in alcuni casi si dimostrarono fondamentali; nel campo della meteorologia molti standard furono decisi in congressi nati in concomitanza alle esposizioni. Addirittura si ha un esempio in cui l’esperimento fu condotto in concomitanza all’esposizione e si ebbe anche il relativo congresso per dimostrare la possibilità di trasmissione di energia elettrica tramite generatori a grande distanza; l’esperimento fu realizzato a Torino nel 1884 nella sezione internazionale di elettrotecnica dell’Esposizione Generale Italiana (diretta da Galileo Ferraris) da Lucien Gaulard (inventore) e John Gibbs (finanziatore).

Sempre per il medesimo obiettivo di connotare fortemente le esposizioni furono costruite numerose attrazioni e divertimenti, che portarono Walter Benjamin a dire: “Le esposizioni mondiali trasfigurano il valore di scambio delle merci; creano un ambito in cui il loro valore d’uso passa in secondo piano; inaugurano una fantasmagoria in cui l’uomo entra per lasciarsi distrarre. L’industria dei divertimenti gli facilita questo compito, sollevandolo all’altezza della merce.”
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